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In recent years, the petroleum-based plastic pollution problem has been causing global attention. The idea of "degradation and up-cycling of plastics" was proposed for solving the environmental pollution caused by non-degradable plastics. Following this idea, plastics would be firstly degraded and then reconstructed. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) can be produced from the degraded plastic monomers as a choice to recycle among various plastics. PHA, a family of biopolyesters synthesized by many microbes, have attracted great interest in industrial, agricultural and medical sectors due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, thermoplasticity and carbon neutrality. Moreover, the regulations on PHA monomer compositions, processing technology, and modification methods may further improve the material properties, making PHA a promising alternative to traditional plastics. Furthermore, the application of the "next-generation industrial biotechnology (NGIB)" utilizing extremophiles for PHA production is expected to enhance the PHA market competitiveness, promoting this environmentally friendly bio-based material to partially replace petroleum-based products, and achieve sustainable development with carbon-neutrality. This review summarizes the basic material properties, plastic upcycling via PHA biosynthesis, processing and modification methods of PHA, and biosynthesis of novel PHA.
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Polyhydroxyalkanoates , Plastics , Biotechnology , Petroleum , CarbonABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo develop a high-quality rehabilitation major curriculum using the World Health Organization rehabilitation competency framework (RCF), to improve the level of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) rehabilitation major, to meet the requirements of competency-based education development. MethodsThe competence requirements of rehabilitation professionals of higher traditional TCM colleges and universities were analyzed using the theory and method of RCF. ResultsThe competency structure of TCM rehabilitation talents based on RCF was built, and the curriculum setting of TCM rehabilitation based on RCF was proposed. According to the characteristics of the educational environment of colleges and universities, a competency model suitable for undergraduate-level TCM rehabilitation major was established. ConclusionThe theory and methods of RCF are of great significance for the construction of competency-based education system of TCM rehabilitation major. Based on RCF, this study constructs the basic and practical curriculum system of TCM rehabilitation at the undergraduate level to promote the training of applied talents in TCM rehabilitation.
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Objective:To analyze the influencing factors of the disease cognition level in main caregivers of children with congenital heart disease (CHD).Methods:In this prospective study, the main caregivers of 150 children with CHD admitted to the Seventh People′s Hospital of Zhengzhou from January 2018 to January 2020 were selected as the research objects with convenient sampling method, and a self-designed questionnaire on awareness of CHD disease was used for face-to-face investigation. A total of 150 questionnaires were issued, and 150 valid questionnaires were reclaimed. According to the total score of the questionnaire (>45 or ≤45), the subjects were divided into high score group (90 cases) and low score group (60 cases). The general data of the main caregivers of children with CHD in the two groups were collected, the χ2 test and logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of disease cognition level in those caregivers. Results:The disease cognition score of the main caregivers of children with CHD in the two groups was (58.69±7.33). The proportions of people with high school education or above, living in cities and towns and obtaining disease knowledge from hospitals in the high score group were all significantly higher than those in the low score group (66.7% vs 36.7%, 72.2% vs 55.0%, 92.2% vs 78.3%) (all P<0.05). Low education level (primary school, OR=1.394, 95% CI: 1.131-1.657; junior high school/technical secondary school, OR=1.406, 95% CI: 1.052-1.761), living in rural area ( OR=1.343, 95% CI: 1.214-1.472), obtaining disease knowledge from outside the hospital ( OR=1.328, 95% CI: 1.037-1.620) were all positively related to the decline of disease cognition scores of the main caregivers of CHD children (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The main caregivers of children with CHD have a moderate to high level of disease cognition, and the education level, residence and access to disease knowledge are the main influencing factors.
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Objective:To explore the role of self-directed learning theory combined with target teaching method in the teaching of new obstetric nurses.Methods:A total of 36 new nurses who were newly recruited in the Department of Obstetrics of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2018 to June 2019 were selected as the control group, and another 32 newly recruited nurses from July 2029 to July 2020 were selected as the observation group. The control group adopted the traditional teaching mode, while the observation group adopted self-directed learning theory combined with target teaching method. The scores of theoretical knowledge and practical skills, the scores of self-rating scale for self-directed learning (SRSSDL), the core competence of obstetric nurses before and after teaching and the satisfaction with the teaching mode were compared between the two groups. SPSS 20.0 was performed for t test, rank sum test and chi-square test. Results:After teaching, the scores of theoretical knowledge [(92.57±5.36) vs. (85.13±6.17)] and practical skills [(90.58±6.65) vs. (84.22±5.94)] in the observation group were both higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). After teaching, the scores of all dimensions and total scores of SRSSDL scale and the scores of each item of core competence of obstetric nurses of the two groups were higher than those before teaching ( P<0.05), and the above scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The satisfaction of the observation group [93.75%(30/32)] with the teaching mode was higher than that of the control group [61.11%(22/36)] ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The combination of self-directed learning theory and target teaching method in the teaching of new obstetric nurses can consolidate theoretical knowledge, and improve the level of practical skills, self-directed learning ability and the core ability of obstetric nurses, with high satisfaction.
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Metabolic related fatty liver disease(MAFLD) is a kind of fatty liver disease caused by metabolic dysfunction closely related to insulin resistance and genetic susceptibility, also known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a worldwide curable viral hepatitis caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.If MAFLD is combined with CHC, CHC can lead to insulin resistance, increase the oxidative stress of hepatocytes, accelerate the steatosis of hepatocytes, and affect the therapeutic effect of MAFLD.
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Endometriosis is a prevalent chronic disease that affects approximately 6% to 10% of reproductive-aged women. Although numerous researchers have endeavored to explore the etiology of endometriosis over a century, its etiology still remains an enigma. The exploration of pathophysiologic mechanism and novel therapy for endometriosis depends on ideal endometriotic models. In the previous decade, various endometriotic models have been established; therefore, we made a conclusion for available information on these models. This review summarized the common experimental models used in endometriotic studies, including their origins, characteristics, applications, and limitations. Endometriotic models played an important role in studying etiologies and novel treatments of endometriosis during the last decades. Among them, animal models and endometriotic cell lines were viewed as most common studying tools to explore the intrinsic entities of endometriosis. In addition, endometrial organoid also emerged and was regarded as an ideal studying tool for endometriosis research. Different research models collectively complement each other to advance the endometriosis research. The successful establishment of endometrial organoids means that organoids are expected to become an ideal model for studying endometriosis in the future.
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Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Shenqi-Dihuang Decoction combined with conventional western medicine in the treatment of stage Ⅳ Diabetic Nephropathy (DN). Methods:Made a retrospective analysis of 80 patients of stage Ⅳ DN with the syndrome of qi and yin deficiency combined with blood stasis from June 2017 to June 2018, from Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. The 80 patients were divided into treatment group and control group, 40 in each group. The control group was given the conventional western treatment. The treatment group was given Shenqi-Dihuang Decoction on the basic of the control group. Both of the treatments for the two groups lasted for 12 weeks. Before and after the treatment, the changes of TCM syndrome scores were observed in each group. The automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect the level of fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour postprandial glucose (2 hPG), Boold Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Serum Creatinine (SCr), Plasma Albumin (Alb), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Uric Acid (UA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Homocysteine (HCY) before and after treatment. The Glycosylated Hemoglobin Alc were measured by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC), 24-hour urine total protein quantity (24 hUTP) were measured by immunoturbidimetric assay before and after treatment, and then Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) was estimated to evaluate clinical effect. Results:After the treatment, the total effective rate in the treatment group was 87.5% (35/40), and the control group was 67.5% (27/40) and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.557, P=0.033). After the treatment, the scores of urine turbid, weakness of waist and knees, fatigue, edema of both lower limbs were decreased in both groups, and the treatment group was significantly better than those of the control group ( t value were -2.178, -1.675, -3.667, -1.904, -4.835, respectively, all Ps<0.01). After the treatment, the level of FPG and HbA1c were significantly lower than those of the control group ( t value were-3.781, -8.557, respectively, all Ps<0.01); the systolic blood pressure was significantly lower than that of the control group ( t=-2.883, P=0.005); the level of TC was significantly lower than that of the control group ( t=-3.321, P=0.008); the level of Alb was significantly higher than that of the control group ( t=1.510, P=0.367); the level of 24 hUTP was significantly lower than that of the control group ( t=-2.819, P=0.008); the level of HCY were significantly lower than that of the control group ( t=-2.053, P=0.043); the level of SOD was significantly higher than that of the control group ( t=2.849, P=0.018). Conclusions:Shenqi-Dihuang Decoction combined with conventional western medicine can reduce 24 hUTP quantity of Ⅳ DN patients with the syndrome of qi and yin deficiency combined with blood stasis, reduce kidney damage, delay the development of Ⅳ DN, improve clinical effect and protect the kidney function.
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In this study, the lipid membrane-wrapped nanoparticles loaded with metformin polymer (PolyMet) and doxorubicin (DOX) was prepared and then evaluated therapeutic effect on breast cancer. An anionic chain PGA-DOX based on γ-polyglutamic acid (PGA) with DOX was synthesized via amidation reaction and characterized by 1H NMR. The PGA-DOX and PolyMet were loaded via electrostatic attraction to prepare the co-delivery nanoparticles system (PolyMet-DOX-NPs). Then, PolyMet-DOX-NPs were coated with cationic liposome membrane to form the core-membrane structural system (PolyMet-DOX-lipid-nanoparticles, PolyMet-DOX-LNPs). The structure and morphology of PolyMet-DOX-LNPs were observed by transmission electron microscope. The particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE), drug loading (DL), release behavior in vitro of PolyMet-DOX-LNPs were investigated. The MTT assay was used to examine the cytotoxicity of PolyMet combined with DOX on 4T-1 cells. The 4T1Fluc tumor-bearing mice model was used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of PolyMet-DOX-LNPs in vivo. All animal experiments were performed in line with ethical standards and approved by the Animal Experiments Ethical Committee of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. 1H NMR spectrum showed that PGA-DOX was successfully synthesized with DOX grafting rate of (72.03 ± 1.29) %. The EE and DL of PolyMet-DOX-LNPs was (72.76 ± 1.92) % and (1.16 ± 0.12) %, respectively. PolyMet-DOX-LNPs exhibited a suitable size of (159.3 ± 7.4) nm and positive charge of (+36.3 ± 1.9) mV with good spheroidal morphology and dispersibility. The release profiles in vitro showed that PolyMet-DOX-LNPs exhibited a slowly and maintained release behavior at physiological pH value (pH 7.4) within 48 h. Further studies showed that PolyMet combined with DOX could synergistically enhance the cytotoxicity on 4T-1 cells. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) result showed that the luminescence signal intensity of 4T-1Fluc cells was reduced after treatment with PolyMet-DOX-LNPs and the tumor volume growth was also inhibited. Additionally, the H&E staining and changes of body weight showed that PolyMet could reduce the toxicity of DOX. To sum up, PolyMet has a good synergistic effect with DOX in the treatment of breast cancer, which provide the foundation for this novel metformin polymer on the anti-tumor application.
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Objective To investigate the effect of polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)/graphene oxide (GO) nanofibers combined with brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation and differentiation as well as on the spinal cord injury repair.Methods PLGA/GO nanofibers were manufactured and absorbed with BDNF,and the microstructure of PLGA/GO nanofibers was observed by scanning electron microscope.The loading efficiency and release curve of BDNF on PLGA/GO nanofibers were measured by ELISA.NSCs were implanted on the surface of PLGA/GO and PLGA/GO/BDNF nanofibers.The absorbance values of each group were measured by MTT method,and the expression of Tuj-1 was observed by immunofluorescence and PCR.A total of 30 female SD rats were divided into control group (n =10),PLGA/GO group (n =10) and PLGA/GO/BDNF group (n =10) according to random number table.T9 spinal cord tissue was cut by Venus scissors to establish spinal cord hemisection injury model of rats.PLGA/GO and PLGA/GO/BDNF nanofibers were implanted onto the surface of injury site.BBB score was used to assess the motion functional recovery of the rats at 1,7,14 and 28 days after operation.Immunofluorescence staining of neuron specific nucleoprotein (NeuN)and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were performed to observe the expressions of neurons and astrocytes at the injured site respectively one month after injury.Results The PLGA/GO nanofibers showed an irregular smooth fiber-like structure,and the average fiber diameter was (987.5 ± 176.3)nm.NSCs could differentiate into neurons on the nanofibers.The result of ELISA showed loading rate of BDNF on PLGA/GO nanofibers was about 47.5％.The release curve showed that BDNF was first released about 30％ on the first day and then about 60％ on the 21st day.The results of MTT and PCR showed that optical density value and Tuj-1 gene expression in the PLGA/GO/BDNF group were significantly higher than those in the PLGA/GO group (P ＜ 0.05).The animal experiment results showed that the BBB score of PLGA/GO/BDNF group was (15.3 ±0.7) points at 28 days after injury,which was significantly higher than that of the injury control group [(11.8 ± 0.8) points] and that of PLGA/GO group [(12.7 ±0.8) points] (P ＜ 0.05).Immunofluorescence results showed that the expression of NeuN in PLGA/GO/BDNF group was 13.7 ± 2.2,significantly higher than that in injury control group (4.3 ± 2.9) (P ＜0.05),and the expression of GFAP in PLGA/GO group was (25.6 ± 4.3) ％ significantly lower than that in injury control group [(38.5 ± 6.2) ％] and PLGA/GO group [(36.7 ± 7.3) ％] (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion PLGMGO nanofibers combined with BDNF can effectively promote the proliferation and neuron differentiation of NSCs in vitro and repair spinal cord injury in vivo through orthotopic transplantation at the injury site.
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Objective The basic biological, echocardiography and gene sequencing parameters of mice overexpressing Slit2 gene (Slit2-Tg mice) were collected and evaluated, and to provide a reference for the application of Slit2-Tg mice in biomedical research. Methods Slit2-Tg and C57BL/6 J mice were inbred. The genotypes of the mice were determined by a PCR assay. The blood samples were collected for blood routine and biochemical tests. The tissues of main organs were collected for protein expression and pathological analysis. Echocardiography and transcriptome sequencing was carried out for analyzing the heart function and gene expression, respectively. Results The litter size was significantly higher in the Slit2-Tg mice than in C57BL/6 J mice. Human Slit2 gene and protein expressions were detected in the main organs of Slit2-Tg mice. Organ coefficient of spleen was significantly increased in Slit2-Tg mice, but the tissue structure appeared normal. There were significant changes in the counts of erythrocytes, platelets, eosinophils, and biochemistry of glucose, globulin, urea nitrogen, triglycerides, HDL, and atherosclerosis index. Echocardiography showed no significant differences in the morphology and function of the Slit2-Tg hearts except in the left ventricular anterior wall thickness at the end-diastolic state. Compared with the C57BL/6 J mice, 535 genes out of 17513 genes in the Slit2-Tg hearts were increased or decreased, mainly involving 15 biological process or signal transduction pathways. Conclusions This study has collected the biological parameters of Slit2-Tg mice and suggests that this model animal is suitable for the studies of cardiovascular diseases.
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Objective To investigate the effect of fenofibrate on glucolipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in lipoprotein lipase heterozygous knockout ( LPL+/-) mice, and to explore its mechanism. Methods LPL+/- mice and wild type ( WT) C57 mice were selected and divided into 3 groups ( n=6 each group):LPL+/-( FB) group, LPL+/-(W)group,andWTgroup.MiceinLPL+/-(FB)groupweregavagedwithfenofibrate(50mg·kg-1·d-1)for8 weeks. Mice in LPL+/-( W) and WT groups were orally fed with the same volume water as that in LPL+/-( FB) group for 8 weeks. Body weight was observed. Plasma triglyceride ( TG ) and free fatty acid ( FFA ) were measured. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test in 3 groups of mice were performed. The glucose area under the curve ( AUCG) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index ( HOMA-IR) were calculated. Insulin-stimulated Ser473 Akt phosphorylation in liver and skeletal muscle was measured by Western blot. Reactive oxygen species ( ROS) levels in liver and skeletal muscle were determined by dihydroethidium staining method and superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and catalase ( CAT) mRNA expression levels were detected by real-time PCR. Results Compared with LPL+/-( W) mice, body weight of LPL+/-( FB) mice was lowered, plasma TG and FFA levels were decreased by about 46.0％and 76.5％respectively, and fasting insulin level and HOMA-IR were decreased while there were no significant differences in fasting glucose level and AUCG between two groups. Insulin-stimulated Ser473 Akt phosphorylation levels in liver and skeletal muscle of LPL+/-mice were enhanced by fenofibrate. ROS level in skeletal muscle of LPL+/-( FB) mice was lower than that in LPL+/-( W) mice while there was no significant difference in ROS of liver between two groups. Fenofibrate significantly increased SOD and CAT mRNA expressions in skeletal muscle of LPL+/-mice, but not in liver. Conclusion Fenofibrate reduces body weight, ameliorates lipid metabolism, and improves insulin sensitivity in LPL+/- mice, with reduced oxidative stress.
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<p><b>Background</b>Endometriosis is a challenging disease with symptoms such as dysmenorrhea and infertility. However, its etiology is still vague and there is still no effective markers or treatment. This study aimed to profile the circular RNAs (circRNAs) expressed in eutopic endometrium from patients with ovarian endometriosis and explore potential clues to the pathogenesis of endometriosis, providing an evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><b>Methods</b>A total of 63 clinical samples, including control endometrium (n = 22) and eutopic endometrium (n = 41), were collected from Peking Union Medical College Hospital between May 1, 2016, and December 31, 2016. Of them, four samples in each group were used for circRNA microarray. Then, four upregulated circRNAs were screened out for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation. After that, bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict miRNAs targeted by validated circRNAs and investigate the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions.</p><p><b>Results</b>Among 88 differentially expressed circRNAs, 11 were upregulated and 77 were downregulated in eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis. qRT-PCR validation results for two upregulated circRNAs (circ_0004712 and circ_0002198) matched the microarray results. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of circ_0002198 for distinguishing ovarian endometriosis was 0.846 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.752-0.939; P < 0.001) while that of circ_0004712 was 0.704 (95% CI: 0.571-0.837; P = 0.008). On the basis of target prediction, we depicted the molecular interactions between the identified circRNAs and their dominant target miRNAs, as well as constructed a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>This study provides evidence that circRNAs are differentially expressed between eutopic and normal endometrium, which suggests that circRNAs are candidate factors in the activation of endometriosis. circ_0002198 and circ_0004712 may be potential novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of ovarian endometriosis.</p>
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[Summary] In newly diagnosed diabetic patients, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1C , and plasma lipid profiles were measured to analyze the association between HbA1C and plasma lipid profiles. HbA1C might affect plasma lipid profiles in newly diagnosed diabetic patients. Higher HbA1C was associated with the worse plasma lipid profiles and more severe insulin resistance.
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[Summary]_ Severe hypertriglyceridemia is the third common cause of acute pancreatitis following after alcohol abuse and cholelithiasis. Moreover, it is also an important risk factor of cardiovascular events. However, the cases of severe hypertriglyceridemia caused by autoimmune disease were rare in clinical, which would bring the difficulty for diagnosis and treatment. A better understanding of the clinical characteristics, possible pathogenesis, and corresponding therapy of the disease would be helpful, which would reduce the risk of complications, and finally improve both the survival rate as well as quality of life of these patients.
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Objective TostudythetrendofaccidentaldeathamongchildrenunderfiveinZhejiangProvinceduringthelast tenyears,andfurthertoprovidepreventivestrategiesforreducingtheaccidentalmortalityintheregion.Methods By stratified cluster random sampling,all the children under five from 30 sampling areas of Zhejiang Province from 2005 to 201 4 were enrolled.The accidental injury mortalities were investigated by descriptive analysis and chi -square test for lineartrend.Results Theunder-fivemortalitycausedbyaccidentaldeathdemonstratedadecreasedtrendinZhejiang Province between 2005 and 201 4,from 2.52‰in 2005 to 1.48‰in 201 4.During 2005 to 201 4,the accidental mortality rate caused by accidental injuries of neonatal was reduced by 70.05%,1 -1 1 months old by 45.60%,and 1 -4 years old by 31.63% with statistical significance (P<0.05 ).The major cause of accidental death among infants was accidental asphyxia.The top cause in 1 -4 years old children was drowning,followed by traffic incidents and falls.The accidental mortality rate in rural regions decreased faster than that in urban regions.Compared with the resident population, decreasing was slower in cause -mortality rate in floating population.The gap between resident and floating population becamewiderfrom2005to2014.Conclusion Accidentalinjuriesarethemostcriticalmortalfactorstochildrenunder five.The prevention programs should be carried out especially on the floating population.The prevention of accidental asphyxia is critical to infants,while drowning and traffic incidents is critical to 1 -4 years old children.
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Professor GAO Weibin academically advocates, based on basic theory of TCM and theories of different schools, modern science technology should be used for the methods and principles of acupuncture and Chinese medicine for neuropathy, so as to explore and summarize the rules, characteristics and advantages of TCM for nervous system disease, especially bulbar paralysis. During the treatment of bulbar paralysis, professor GAO creatively proposes the effective acupuncture points such as Gongxue, Tunyan-1, Tunyan-2, Fayin, Tiyan and Zhifanliu from the aspects of neuroanatomy, and analyzes their anatomical structure and action mechanism.
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Humans , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , History , Bulbar Palsy, Progressive , History , Therapeutics , China , History, 20th Century , History, 21st CenturyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:With the continuous development of nanotechnology, a growing number of nanotechnologies have been used in the field of biological medicine, providing a great deal of interest for the diagnosis and treatment of disease. OBJECTIVE:To review the research situation of nanobiomaterials and its application in biological medicine. METHODS: The articles about nanobiomaterials and nano bioceramic materials were retrieved from Chinese Journal Ful-text Database, PubMed and Wanfang database published during January 2000 to October 2014 by the first author using computer. Key words were “nano, bioceramics” in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the development of nanotechnology, some nanotechnologies have entered the stage of practical application. Application of nanotechnology plays a preventive effect to the occurrence and development of disease. Nano-ceramic significantly increases the strength, toughness and superplasticity of materials, overcomes many deficiencies of biological ceramics, and has been widely used in the field of orthopedics, such as artificial joints, artificial bones, bone filing material, bone replacement materials, artificial vertebrae and so on.
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Objective To investigate the glucolipid metabolism in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene knockout mice, and to explore the possible mechanisms of insulin resistance. Methods 16- and 40-week old LPL gene knockout heterozygous mice( LPL + / -) and wild type ( WT) C57 mice were selected and divided into 4 groups:16-week LPL+ / -(n=6), 16-week WT(n = 6), 40-week LPL+ / -(n = 6), and 40-week WT(n = 6) group. LPL activity of post-heparin serum was examined. Serum triglyceride( TG) and free fatty acid( FFA) were measuzed. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test(IPGTT) in 4 groups of mice were performed. The glucose area under the curve (AUCG) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index and β-cell function index ( HOMA-IR, HOMA-β) were calculated to evaluate insulin sensitivity and the function of islet β-cells. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity ( TAOC) levels were determined by means of colorimetric method. Using dihydroethidium( DHE) fluorescent staining method, reactive oxygen species ( ROS) levels in liver and skeletal muscle were determined. Results LPL activity levels of both 16- and 40-week LPL+ / - mice were significantly lower than that in WT mice of the same age. Serum TG and FFA of 40-week old LPL+ / - mice were significantly higher than those in WT mice of the same age(P<0. 05), and they were also higher than those of 16-week old LPL+ / - mice(P<0. 05). IPGTT showed that compared with WT mice, blood glucose level in LPL+ / - mice was significantly higher than that in WT group at 30 and 120 minute(P<0. 05), and fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were increased significantly(P<0. 05). Serum MDA of 40-week old LPL+ / - mice was evidently higher than that in WT mice by the same week(P<0. 05), while TAOC level was lower than that of WT mice (P<0. 05). ROS in skeletal muscle of 16-week old LPL+ /- mice was significantly increased. Meanwhile, ROS in both liver and skeletal muscle of 40-week old LPL+ / - mice was significantly higher than that in WT mice of the same age. Conclusion As time goes by, lipid and glucose disorders of LPL+ / - mice are aggravating, and insulin resistance develops evidently. Insulin resistance in LPL+ / -mice with dyslipidemia may be related to oxidative stress.
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Objective To investigate the current status of sleep and its influencing factors among diabetic patients in communities. Methods Using the method of cluster sampling,a total of 449 diabetic patients were selected from 20 communities in Beilun District,Ningbo City. A well -structured questionnaire and physical examination were applied to obtain information,and pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index( pSQI)was also used to compare the sleeping quality of diabetic patients with norm population. Results Out of 449 patients,177(39. 42%)had poor sleeping quality. Compared with norm (3. 88 ± 2. 52),sleeping quality of diabetic patients(5. 50 ± 3. 82)was poorer(p<0. 01). Multivariable logistic regression showed that BMI,family income and cardiovascular diseases( CVD)were the influencing factors of sleeping quality,the value of OR and 95% confidence interval(95%CI)were 0. 93(0. 87-0. 99),0. 35(0. 15-0. 80)and 1. 58(1. 01-2. 47) respectively. Besides,multivariable linear regression showed that family income and retirement were associated with sleeping quality(p<0. 05). Conclusion Sleep disorder remains a common problem among diabetic patients Low BMI,low family income,non-retiree and CVD contribute to poor status of sleep.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the properties of water-absorption, water-locking, and air permeability among several foam dressings, and to provide references for clinician in choosing dressings for different types of wounds.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The comparison was made among Allevyn foam dressing, Mepilex foam dressing, and Biatain foam dressing that were commonly used in clinic. NaCl and CaCl2·H2O respectively in the weight of 8.3 g and 0.367 g were diluted with distilled water to the volume of 1 L to simulate wound exudation. The simulated wound exudation was used to test the water-absorbing rate of dressings at post immersion hour (PIH) 24, water-absorbing speed of dressings at post immersion minute (PIM) 1, 5, 10, and 20, the diffusion diameter of exudation dripped on the surface of dressings for 5 min to reflect the water-locking capacity of dressings, and the water evaporation capacity of exudation after being sealed up by dressings for 24 h to reflect the air permeability of dressings. Five samples of each dressing were used for each index. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and analysis of variance of repeated measurement, and LSD method was applied in paired comparison.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The water-absorbing rate at PIH 24 of Allevyn foam dressing, Mepilex foam dressing, and Biatain foam dressing were respectively (646 ± 18)%, (616 ± 19)%, and (499 ± 11)% (F = 423.854, P < 0.01). The differences between each two dressings in water-absorbing rate were statistically significant (with P values all below 0.01). (2) The water-absorbing speed of Allevyn foam dressing at PIM 1, 5, 10, and 20 were (35.20 ± 2.31), (12.48 ± 0.37), (6.63 ± 0.23), and (3.39 ± 0.08) g×s(-1)×m(-2), which were obviously lower than those of Mepilex foam dressing [(119.68 ± 2.59), (24.39 ± 0.62), (12.33 ± 0.29), and (6.18 ± 0.13) g×s(-1)×m(-2)] and Biatain foam dressing [(121.09 ± 3.41), (24.73 ± 0.52), (12.37 ± 0.25), (6.18 ± 0.13) g×s(-1)×m(-2)], with P values all below 0.01. The water-absorbing speed of each dressing showed the trend of declination among three dressings with prolongation of time. The differences between two adjacent time points within each dressing in water-absorbing speed were statistically significant (with P values below 0.01). (3) Diffusion diameters of exudation dripped on the surface of Allevyn foam dressing, Mepilex foam dressing, and Biatain foam dressing were respectively (5.66 ± 0.15), (4.84 ± 0.15), (3.94 ± 0.21) cm (F = 124.742, P < 0.01). The differences between each two of the three dressings in diffusion diameter were statistically significant (with P values all below 0.01). (4) The water evaporation capacity of exudation after being sealed up by each dressing for 24 h decreased in succession for Allevyn foam dressing, Mepilex foam dressing, and Biatain foam dressing, which were respectively (31.2 ± 3.1), (29.7 ± 8.7), (5.6 ± 2.8) g×h(-1)×m(-2) (F = 24.324, P < 0.01). The water evaporation capacity of exudation sealed with Biatain foam dressing was significantly lower than that of exudation sealed with Allevyn foam dressing and Mepilex foam dressing (with P values below 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Among the three kinds of foam dressings, Allevyn performs best in water-absorbing rate, water-locking capacity, and air permeability, while Mepilex and Biatain perform best in water-absorbing speed. For selecting foam dressing in clinic, the properties of foam dressings and wound characteristics should be considered at the same time.</p>